![]() It evidences the character of its creator and the context of its creation in a brief, contiguous period of time. Once the ensō is drawn, one does not change it. When drawn according to the sōsho style of Japanese calligraphy, the brushstroke is especially swift. Usually a person draws the ensō in one fluid, expressive stroke. The tools and mechanics of drawing the ensō are the same as those used in traditional Japanese calligraphy: One uses a brush to apply ink to washi. It is characterised by a minimalism born of Japanese aesthetics.ĭrawing ensō is a disciplined practice of Japanese ink painting-sumi-e. The ensō symbolizes absolute enlightenment, strength, elegance, the universe, and mu. ![]() In Zen Buddhism, an ensō is a circle that is hand-drawn in one or two uninhibited brushstrokes to express a moment when the mind is free to let the body create. Developing countries dependent upon agriculture and fishing, particularly those bordering the Pacific Ocean, are the most affected.įreebase Rate this definition: 5.0 / 1 vote The extremes of this climate pattern's oscillations cause extreme weather (such as floods and droughts) in many regions of the world. Mechanisms that cause the oscillation remain under study. An especially strong Walker circulation causes La Niña, resulting in cooler ocean temperatures due to increased upwelling. Weakening or reversal of the Walker circulation (which includes the trade winds) decreases or eliminates the upwelling of cold deep sea water, thus creating El Niño by causing the ocean surface to reach above average temperatures. The Walker circulation is caused by the pressure gradient force that results from a high-pressure area over the eastern Pacific Ocean, and a low-pressure system over Indonesia. The two periods last several months each and typically occur every few years with varying intensity per period.The two phases relate to the Walker circulation, which was discovered by Gilbert Walker during the early twentieth century. The Southern Oscillation is the accompanying atmospheric component, coupled with the sea temperature change: El Niño is accompanied by high air surface pressure in the tropical western Pacific and La Niña with low air surface pressure there. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El Niño and the cooling phase as La Niña. ![]() Wikipedia Rate this definition: 0.0 / 0 votesĮl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics.
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